I have tried so many times to make refried beans in a pot, instant pot, or out of a can. I have used additional flavors such as onions, lard, bacon, green chilis, and chicken better than bouillon to make these beans. All were dry, clumpy, and required a significant amount of mashing and left over stock to make edible. Gloria Daws, my mom, made this dish at our house last year. They needed no mashing and were the refried beans that I grew up with, although I swear my Aunt Keta added lard to her beans. The labor is worth the flavor and the only way we make refried beans now.